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Motivation


In many practical cases the reservoir flow created by well or group of wells is getting aligned with a specific linear direction away from well.

This happens when well is placed in a channel or a narrow compartment. It also happens around fracture planes and conductive faults.

This type of flow is called linear fluid flow and a type library model provides a reference for linear fluid flow diagnostics.

Inputs & Outputs



InputsOutputs

q_t

total sandface rate

p(t,x)

reservoir pressure

p_i

initial formation pressure

p_{wf}(t)

well bottomhole pressure

d

reservoir channel width



\sigma

transmissibility


\chi

pressure diffusivity



\sigma = \frac{k \, h}{\mu}

transmissibility

\chi = \frac{k}{\mu} \, \frac{1}{\phi \, c_t}

pressure diffusivity

k

absolute permeability

\phi

porosity

\mu

dynamic fluid viscosity

c_t = c_r + c

total compressibility

c_r

pore compressibility

c

fluid compressibility



Physical Model



Constant rate production

q_t = \rm const

Linear fluid flow

p(t, x)

Slightly compressible fluid flow

c_t(p) = c_r +c = \rm const

Homogeneous reservoir

M(x, p)=M =\rm const

\phi(x, p)=\phi =\rm const

h(x)=h =\rm const

Infinite boundary

x \rightarrow \infty


Mathematical Model




(1) \frac{\partial p}{\partial t} = \chi \, \frac{d^2 p}{dx^2}
(2) p(t = 0, x) = p_i
(3) p(t, x \rightarrow \infty ) = p_i
(4) \frac{\partial p(t, x )}{\partial x} \bigg|_{x \rightarrow 0} = \frac{q_t}{\sigma \, d}
(5) p(t,x) = p_i - \frac{q_t}{\sigma \, d} \bigg[ \sqrt{\frac{4 \chi t}{\pi}} \exp \bigg( -\frac{x^2}{4 \chi t} \bigg) - x \, \bigg[ 1- {\rm erf} \bigg(\frac{x}{\sqrt{4 \, \chi \, t}} \bigg) \bigg] \bigg]
(6) p_{wf}(t) = p(t,x=0)= p_i - \frac{q_t}{\sigma \, d} \, \sqrt{\frac{4 \chi t}{\pi}}



Scope of Applicability



Pressure Testing – Channel or Narrow compartment reservoir


Pressure Drop
(7) \delta p = p_i - p_{wf}(t) \sim t^{1/2}




Log derivative
(8) t \frac{d (\delta p)}{dt} \sim t^{1/2}












Fig. 2. PTA Diagnostic plot for linear fluid flow in reservoir channel


Pressure Testing – Infinite conductivity fracture



Pressure Drop
(9) \delta p = p_i - p_{wf}(t) \sim t^{1/2}




Log derivative
(10) t \frac{d (\delta p)}{dt} \sim t^{1/2}












Fig. 2. PTA Diagnostic plot for linear fluid flow in infinite conductivity fracture




See also


Physics / Fluid Dynamics / Linear fluid flow



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