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(each fluid component separately)

Excerpt

Despite of terminological similarity there is a big difference in the way Dynamic Modelling (DM),  Well Flow Performance (WFP) and Well Testing  deal with (WT) usually define formation pressure and flowrates which results in a difference in productivity index definition and corresponding analysis..

The most typical definitions (although they do not cover the full variety of definitions referred in petroleum literature) are summarised This difference is summarized in the table below:


Formation pressure,

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyp_e

Flow rate

Flowrate,

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyq

Producivity

Productivity Index,

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyJ

DM


WFP

field
average
within the 9-cell area

estimate 
within the drainage area 

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyA_

{e9}

e

LaTeX Math Block
anchor1
alignmentleft
p_
{e9, \ i,j}
r = \frac{1}{
9
A_e} \
sum

phase flowrate at sandface:

LaTeX Math Inline
body\{ q_w, \, q_o, \, q_g \}

(each fluid phase separately)
iint_{
k=i-1}^{i+1} \sum_{l=j-1}^{j+1} p_{k,l} = \frac{1}{9} ( p_{i,j} + p_{i, \, j+1} + p_{i, \, j-1} + p_{i-1, \, j} + p_{i-1, \, j} + p_{i-1 \, j-1} + p_{i+1, \, j+1} + p_{i-1 \, j+1} + p_{i+1, \, j-1} )
A_e} p(x,y,z) dS


Surface flowrates:

Oil surface flowrate

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyq_O

Gas surface flowrate

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyq_G

Water surface flowrate

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyq_W

Liquid surface flowrate

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyq_L


LaTeX Math Inline
bodyJ

phase productivity index:

_r

Oil Surface Productivity Index

LaTeX Math Inline
body\displaystyle J_

w

{r, O} = \frac{q_O}{p_r - p_{wf}}

Gas Surface Productivity Index

LaTeX Math Inline
body\displaystyle J_{r, G} = \frac{q_G}{p_r - p_{wf}}

,

Water Surface Productivity Index

LaTeX Math Inline
body\displaystyle J_

o

{r, W} = \frac{q_

o

W}{p_r - p_{wf}}

,

Liquid Surface Productivity Index

LaTeX Math Inline
body\displaystyle J_

o

{r, L} = \frac{q_

o

L}{p_r - p_{wf}}

WFP

WT

field
average pressure within the

boundary formation pressure estimate 
along the boundary of drainage area 

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyA_e

LaTeX Math Block
anchor1
alignmentleft
p_
r
e = \frac{1}{
A
L_e} \
iint
int_0^{
A
L_e} p(x,y,z) 
dS
dl
surface component flowrate

where

LaTeX Math Inline
body

\{ q_W, q_O, q_G \}

L_e
is the boundary of drainage area
LaTeX Math Inline
bodyA_e

and sometimes liquid flowrate

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyq_

{\rm liq}

t = q_

W

w+q_

O

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyJ_s

o+q_g

fluid component productivity index

:

LaTeX Math Inline
body\displaystyle J_

W

t = \frac{q_

W

t}{p_

r

e - p_{wf}}

,
LaTeX Math Inline
bodyJ_O = \frac{q_O}{p_r - p_{wf}}
,
LaTeX Math Inline
bodyJ_G = \frac{q_G}{p_r - p_{wf}}

and sometimes liquid productivity index:

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyJ_{\rm liq} = \frac{q_{\rm liq}}{p_r - p_{wf}}

WT

average pressure value at the boudary of drainage area

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyA_e

LaTeX Math Block
anchor1
alignmentleft
p_e = \frac{1}{L_e} \int_0^{L_e} p(x,y,z) dl

where

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyL_e
is the boundary of drainage area
LaTeX Math Inline
bodyA_e

total flowrate at sandface:

DM

9-cell formation pressure

LaTeX Math Block
anchor1
alignmentleft
p_{e9, \ i,j} = \frac{1}{9} \sum_{k=i-1}^{i+1} \sum_{l=j-1}^{j+1} p_{k,l}


LaTeX Math Block
anchor1
alignmentleft
p_{e9, \ i,j} = \frac{1}{9} ( p_{i,j}
+ p_{i, \, j+1} + p_{i, \, j-1}
+ p_{i-1, \, j} + p_{i-1, \, j}
+ p_{i-1 \, j-1} + p_{i+1, \, j+1}
+ p_{i-1 \, j+1} + p_{i+1, \, j-1} )

for each fluid phase individually:

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyp_{e9,o}, \, p_{e9,g}, \, p_{e9,w}

– for Black Oil

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyq_

t = B_w \, q_W + B_o \, q_O + B_g \, ( q_G - R_s q_O)

w

LaTeX Math Inline
body

q

\displaystyle J_

t

o =

B_w

\

, q_W + \

frac{

B

q_o

- R_s B_g

}{

1 - R_v R_s} \, q_O + \frac{B_g - R_v B_o}{1 - R_v R_s} \, q_G – for Volatile Oilor total multiphase productivity index:

p_{e,o} - p_{wf}}

Gas Sandface Productivity Index

LaTeX Math Inline
body\

{ W, \, O, \, G \} pseudo-components of Compositional Model

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyJ_t

displaystyle J_g = \frac{q_g}{p_{e,g} - p_{wf}}

Water Sandface Productivity Index

LaTeX Math Inline
body\displaystyle J_

t

w = \frac{q_

t

q}{p_{e,w} - p_{wf}}





Sometimes the wrong estimations of flowrate stem form the wrong inputs (

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyJ
or
LaTeX Math Inline
bodyp_e
).


See Also

...

Petroleum Industry / Upstream / Production / Subsurface Production / Well & Reservoir Management

Subsurface E&P Disciplines / Production Technology / Productivity Index