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LaTeX Math Block
alignmentleft
S_M = \frac{2 \pi \sigma}{q_t} \cdot \left[ p_{wf}(t) - p({\bf r}, t) |_{{\bf r} \in \Gamma_s} \right]

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The most popular practical range of skin-factor variation is 

LaTeX Math Inline
body-5 < S_M < 8
.

The values of 

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyS_M < -5
 are usually not supported by the majority of commercial simulators as these values assume almost infinite permeability in the 10 m area around the well see
LaTeX Math Block Reference
anchorks
 below:

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For horizontal wells the lower practical limit when Mechanical Skin concept can be applied is even lower and usually assumed as 0.

See Also

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Petroleum Industry / Upstream / Subsurface E&P Disciplines / Well Testing / Pressure Testing

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