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@wikipedia


scalar quantity used to represent the thermodynamic state of a system


NameSymbolFormulaNatural variables
Internal energy

U

{\displaystyle \int (T{\text{d}}S-p{\text{d}}V+\sum _{i}\mu _{i}{\text{d}}N_{i})}

{\displaystyle S,V,\{N_{i}\}}

Helmholtz free energy

F

{\displaystyle U-TS}U-TS

{\displaystyle T,V,\{N_{i}\}}

Enthalpy

H

{\displaystyle U+pV}U+pV

{\displaystyle S,p,\{N_{i}\}}

Gibbs free energy

G

{\displaystyle U+pV-TS}U+pV-TS

{\displaystyle T,p,\{N_{i}\}}

Landau Potential (Grand potential)

U - T S -{\displaystyle \sum _{i}\,} \mu_i N_i

{\displaystyle T,V,\{\mu _{i}\}}

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