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To ensure the smooth transition from historical data [(t_1,q_1)... (t_N, q_N)] to the production forecasts in future time moments [(t_{N+1},q_{N+1}), ...] one may wish to constrain the model by firm matching the production at the last historical moment (t_N, q_N) which leads to the following form of Arp's model:

Exponential Production DeclineHyperbolic Production DeclineHarmonic Production Decline

b=0

0<b<1

b=1

(1) q(t)=q_N \cdot \exp \big[ -D_0 \cdot (t-t_N) \big]
(2) q(t) = q_N \cdot \left[ \frac{1+b \cdot D_0 \cdot t_N } { 1+b \cdot D_0 \cdot t } \right]^{1/b}
(3) q(t) = q_N \cdot \left[ \frac{1+D_0 \cdot t_N } { 1+ D_0 \cdot t } \right]
(4) Q(t) - Q_N = [ q_N - q(t)] \, \tau_0
(5) Q(t) - Q_N = \frac{q_N^b \, (\tau_0 + b \, t_N)}{1-b} \left[ q_N^{1-b} - q^{1-b}(t) \right]
(6) Q(t) - Q_N = q_N \, (\tau_0 + t_N) \cdot \ln \frac{q_N}{q(t)}



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