...
- visual analysis of PTA diagnostic plot
- selecting diffusion model from PTA Type Library
- fitting selected diffusion model to pressure gauge data records
In some cases when:
Fig. 1
both production
and shut-in period reach radial flow regime: , ...
one can uses Horner model which is a simplified version of BUS interpretation procedure and based on the following pressure diffusion model:
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p_{wf}(\Delta t) = p_e - \frac{q_t}{4 \pi \sigma} \, \ln \left( 1 + \frac{T}{\Delta t} \right) |
...
it provides reliable estimation of formation pressure
and formation transmissibility it does not require the knowledge of pressure diffusivity
(unlike the case of a drawdown test)it does not depend on diffusion model specifics as soon as IARF is developed during the test
it does not provide skin-factor estimation
The formula
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shows that pressure during the shut-in segment of Honer test is not dependant on skin-factor and pressure diffusivity.The formation pressure
and transmissibility are estimated with LSQ regression:| LaTeX Math Block |
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\left \{ p_{wf} \right \} = p_e - b \, \left \{ \ln \left( 1 + \frac{T}{\Delta t} \right) \right \} |
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\sigma = \frac{q_t}{4 \pi b} |
Horner model is a good example of how a complicated problem of non-linear regression on three parameters
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| body | \{ p_e, \, S, \, \sigma \} |
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with upfront knowledge of pressure diffusivity may sometimes be simplified to a fast-track linear regression on two parameters without any additional assumptions on reservoir properties.
