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One of the most general form of IPR model below bubble-point pressure:

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\Psi^n(p_b) - \Psi^n(p_{wf}) = (q - q_b) \left[  \frac{1}{(q_\mathrm{max}-q_b)} \cdot \Psi^n(p_b) +  \frac{(q-q_\mathrm{max}) 

...

H(q)\right]
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  H(q) = \frac{\sum_{k=1}^m a_k \, q^k}{\sum_{k=1}^{m+1} b_k \, q^k}

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 p_b > p_r > p_{wf} 


where

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bodyp_{wf}

bottom-hole pressure (BHP)

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bodyp_b

bubble-point pressure

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bodyq

sandface flowrate

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body--uriencoded--q_\mathrm%7Bmax%7D

Absolute Open Flow (AOF) 

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body\Psi(p)

pseudo-pressure function specific to fluid type

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bodyn

pseudo-pressure curvature

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bodya

laminar flow coefficient

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bodyb

turbulent flow coefficient

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