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A ratio between actual volumetric flowrate through the orifice and ideal theoretical estimation volumetric flowrate estimate through the ideal orifice:
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C_d = \frac{q_{\rm real}}{q_{\rm ideal}} |
where
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q_{\rm ideal}= \epsilon \cdot \frac{\pi d^2}{4} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot \Delta p}{\rho \cdot (1-\beta^4)}} |
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