GLOSSARY

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T^2_x = T^2_0 + \frac{4 x^2}{V^2_{rms}}

where

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 is lateral offset between the seismic source and seismic receiver,

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bodyT^2_0
 is reflection time at zero offset (which means the normal incident wave reflection),

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bodyV_{rms}
 – average p-wave speed through the reflecting travel distance  between the seismic source and seismic sensor:

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V^2_{rms} = \frac{\sum_i^N  V_p^2(t_i) \, \delta t_i}{\sum_i^N \delta t_i}= \frac{\sum_i^N  V_p(t_i) \, \delta h_i}{\sum_i^N \frac{\delta h_i}{V_p(t_i)}}

where 

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bodyV_p(t_i)
 is p-wave velocity of rocks found at travel time 
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bodyt_i
, 

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body\delta t_i
 is travel time through the rock element of thickness 
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body\delta h_i
 in tghe rock element found at travel time 
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bodyt_i
.