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To ensure the smooth transition from historical data

LaTeX Math Inline
body[(t_1,q_1)... (t_N, q_N)]
 to the production forecasts in future time moments one may wish to math production at the last historical moment
LaTeX Math Inline
body(t_N, q_N)
 which leads to the following form of Arp's model:

Exponential Production DeclineHyperbolic Production DeclineHarmonic Production Decline

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyb=0

LaTeX Math Inline
body0<b<1

LaTeX Math Inline
bodyb=1

LaTeX Math Block
anchor1
alignmentleft
q(t)=q_N \exp \left( -D_0 \, (t-t_N) \right)
LaTeX Math Block
anchor003NF
alignmentleft
q(t) = \frac{
q_0}
1+b \cdot D_0 \cdot t_N \right)^{1/b}}
{ \left( 1+b \cdot D_0 \cdot t \right)^{1/b} }
LaTeX Math Block
anchor1
alignmentleft
q(t) = \frac{
q
1+D_0 \cdot t_N \right)^{1/b}}
{ \left( 1+ D_0 \
,
cdot t \right)^{1/b} }


The Exponential and Hyperbolic decline are applicable for Boundary Dominated Flow with finite reserves

LaTeX Math Inline
body--uriencoded--Q_%7B\rm max%7D \leq \infty
 while Harmonic decline is associated with production from the reservoir with infinite reserves
LaTeX Math Inline
body--uriencoded--Q_%7B\rm max%7D = \infty
.

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