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Definition
Primary Production Analysis is the specific workflow and report template on Primary Well & Reservoir Performance Indicators.
Application
- assess current production distribution
- assess current distribution of recovery against expectations
- assess current status and trends of recovery against expectations
- assess current status and trends of reservoir depletion against expectations
- assess current status and trends of water flood efficiency against expectations
- quantitatively compare performance of different wells or different groups of wells
- identify and prioritize redevelopment opportunities
Technology
Primary Production Analysis is built around production data against material balance and require current FDP volumetrics, PVT and SCAL models.
It includes well-by-well diagnostics and gross field diagnostics, but may be extended to sector-by-sector diagnostics.
Metrics
PRIME includes the following metrics:
| Metric name | Diagnostic plots | Objectives |
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1 | Production History Map | qo, qg , qw, qinj, VRR, Pe over STOIIP & Structure | Production Distribution Overview |
(1) |
{\rm VRR_{cum}} = \frac{B_w \, Q_{WI}}{B_w \, Q_W + B_o \, Q_O + B_g Q_G - B_g R_s Q_O} |
(2) |
{\rm VRR_{inst}} = \frac{B_w \, q_{WI}}{B_w \, q_W + B_o \, q_O + B_g (q_G - R_s Q_O)} |
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2 | Recovery Map | Qo, Qg , Qw, Qinj , VRR, Pe over RF & Structure | Recovery Distribution Overview |
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{\rm RF} = \frac{Q_o}{V_{STOIIP}} |
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3 | Production History Graphs | qo, qg , qw, qinj, Yw, Yg, Pe , Np, Ninj vs time | Production History Overview |
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{\rm Y_w} = \frac{q_w}{q_{lis}} |
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{\rm Y_g} = \frac{q_g}{q_o} |
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4 | Decline Curve Analysis | qo1, qliq1, qinj1,Yw, Yg, VRR, Pe vs time | Production Forecast |
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5 | Recovery Diagnostic | qo1, qliq1, qinj1, Yw, Yg, VRR, Pe, Pem vs RF | Estimate recovery efficiency and pressure decline |
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6 | Watercut Diagnostic | Yw, Ywm vs qliq | Check for water balance and thief water production |
(3) |
{\rm Y_w} = \frac{1}{1 + \frac{K_{ro}}{K_{rw}} \cdot \frac{\mu_w}{\mu_o} \cdot \frac{B_w}{B_o}} |
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7 | GOR Diagnostic | Yg, Ygm vs qo | Check for gas balance and thief gas production |
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8 | Injection Efficiency Diagnostics | PIR , PIRm vs Yw | Evaluate WI efficiency |
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{\rm PIR} = \frac{Q_o}{Q_i} |
(4) |
{\rm PIR_m} = { \frac{1}{VRR} }*{ \frac{1-Y_w}{ Y_w + (1-Y_w) [ \frac{B_o}{B_w} - \frac{B_g}{B_w}(Y_g - R_s) ] } } |
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9 | Well Performance Analysis | Pwf_IPR , Pwf_VLP vs qo | Check for the optimal production/injection target |
(5) |
P_{wf} = P_e - \frac{1}{J_{PI}} q_o |
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10 | Productivity Index Diagnostic | JPI, JPIm vs dP | Check for PI dynamics |
(6) |
{\rm J_{PI}} = \frac{Q}{P_e - P_{wf}} {\quad \Rightarrow \quad} P_{wf}=P_e - \frac{1}{PI}Q |
(7) |
{\rm J_{PIm} } = \frac{q_o}{P_e - P_{wf}} |
|
PIR equation deduction
(8) |
Y_w=\frac{q_q}{q_w + q_o} \rightarrow \frac{q_o}{q_w} = \frac{1-Y_w}{Y_w} |
(10) |
PIR = \frac{q_o}{q_i}={ \frac{1}{VRR} }*{ \frac{1-\gamma}{ \gamma + [ \frac{B_o}{B_w} - \frac{B_g}{B_w}(GOR - R_s) ] } } |
Diagnostic
Sample Case
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Fig. 1. Decline Curve Analysis | Fig. 2. Recovery Diagnostic | Fig. 3. Pressure Diagnostic |
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Fig. 4. Watercut Diagnostic | Fig. 5. GOR Diagnostic | Fig. 6. Injection Efficiency Diagnostics |
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Fig. 7. Well Performance Analysis | Fig. 8. Productivity Index Diagnostic |
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