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The Harmonic decline is also observed at the mature stage of waterflood projects.


Both Harmonic and Hyperbolic declines are empirical while Exponential decline has a physical meaning.
Exponential Production Decline has a physical meaning of declining production from finite drainage volume 

LaTeX Math Inline
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with constant BHP
LaTeX Math Inline
bodyp_{wf}(t) = \rm const
 (a specific type of Boundary Dominated Flow under Pseudo Steady State (PSS) conditions).Harmonic and Hyperbolic declines are both empirical.


The DCA Arps do not cover all types of production decline, but their application is quite broad and mathematics is quite simple which gained popularity as quick estimation of production perspectives.

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